Mouse Chemokine 6plex FlowCytomix Multiplex

Description: This Mouse Chemokine 6plex is a bead based Analyte Detection System for quantitative detection of mouse GM-CSF, MCP-1, MCP-3, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES by Flow Cytometry.

Chemokines represent a superfamily of small secreted proteins that function as intercellular messengers to control migration and activation of leukocytes involved in inflammatory reactions and immunity. Furthermore, chemokines are important mediators of many pathologies such as allergic responses, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, tumor growth and hematopoietic development.

MCP-1 was characterized as a monocyte-specific chemoattractant that was later shown to attract also T lymphocytes and NK cells. MCP-1 is mainly expressed by macrophages in response to a wide range of cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, but can, upon stimulation, also be produced by a variety of cells and tissues, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells or certain tumor cells.

MCP-3 is expressed at low levels when compared to MCP-1 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to IFN-gamma as well as from a variety of tumor cell lines. MCP-3 is one of the most pluripotent chemokines since it activates all types of leukocytes, by binding to at least four different chemokine receptors.

RANTES is a potent chemoattractant for a number of different cell types including monocytes, unstimulated CD4+/CD45RO+ memory T cells, stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with na‹ve and memory phenotypes, NK cells, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells and mast cells. The activity of RANTES however is not restricted merely to chemotaxis, moreover it is a powerful activator for T cells, monocytes, neutrophils and NK cells, a feature potentially relevant in a range of inflammatory disorders.

MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta are not only chemoattractants but also co-activators of macrophages acting in concert with IFN-gamma as type 1 cytokines. The roles of MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta have been elucidated in response to their affects on cellular and humoral immune response. MIP-1alpha was shown to stimulate strong antigen specific responses, while MIP-1beta promotes antibody responses.

GM-CSF is a cytokine that has been characterized as a molecule capable of stimulating proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells as well as modulating the functional activity of mature granulocytes and macrophages. In combination with erythropoietin, it supports the development of erythroid progenitors in vitro. The biological activities of GM-CSF substantially overlap with the effects of Interleukin 3.
GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types such as activated T-cells, B-cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, synoviocytes and various tumor cells in response to various stimuli.

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