Human TIE-2 Platinum ELISA

Description: The human TIE-2 ELISA is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative detection of human TIE-2. The human TIE-2 ELISA is for research use only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

The tyrosine kinase receptor TIE-2 was initially identified as a specific endothelial growth factor receptor that mediated several properties of endothelial cells under both physiologcal and pathological conditions. Angiopoietins are the natural ligands of TIE-2 and they induce TIE-2-dependant signalling, including survival and apoptosis of endothelial cells, vascular permeability and regulate capillary sprouting. TIE-2 plays an important role in several vascular diseases, known as vascular malformation (e.g. venous malformation). Independent of angiogenesis and its involvement in lymphangiogenesis, TIE-2 maintains a long-term, quiescent population of hematopoietc stems cells in the bone marrow. In a tumor model, a subset of monocytes was found to be positve for TIE-2 and that they have an important function in paracrine support of nascent blood vessels.
A natural occuring soluble TIE-2 receptor fragment of 75 kDa (sTIE-2) is generated by shedding. Soluble TIE-2 inhibits angiopoietin-mediated TIE-2 phosphorylation and anti-apoptosis. TIE-2 shedding is mediated by PI2K/Akt and p38 MAPK. The serum levels of sTIE-2 in patients is in the lower ng/ml range and dependent of the disease. Soluble TIE-2 was also measured in preterm infants including the ROP syndrome (retinopathy of prematurity). Elevated plasma levels in active ROP patients were observed for sTIE-2. In experimental tumor mouse models sTIE-2 can be used for tumor regression and prolonged the tumor-free survival in 80% of the animals.

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Lewis,C.E.; De,Palma M.; Naldini,L.. Tie2-expressing monocytes and tumor angiogenesis: regulation by hypoxia and angiopoietin-2. Cancer Res 2007;67:8429-8432. (Link)

Martin,V.; Liu,D.; Fueyo,J.; Gomez-Manzano,C.. Tie2: a journey from normal angiogenesis to cancer and beyond. Histol.Histopathol. 2008;23:773-780. (Link)

De,Palma M.; Murdoch,C.; Venneri,M.A.; Naldini,L.; Lewis,C.E.. Tie2-expressing monocytes: regulation of tumor angiogenesis and therapeutic implications. Trends Immunol 2007;28:519-524. (Link)

Pieh,C.; Agostini,H.; Buschbeck,C.; Kruger,M.; Schulte-Monting,J.; Zirrgiebel,U.; Drevs,J.; Lagreze,W.A.. VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and Tie2 levels in plasma of premature infants: relationship to retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92:689-693. (Link)

Fiedler,U.; Augustin,H.G.. Angiopoietins: a link between angiogenesis and inflammation. Trends Immunol 2006;27:552-558. (Link)

Eklund,L.; Olsen,B.R.. Tie receptors and their angiopoietin ligands are context-dependent regulators of vascular remodeling. Exp Cell Res 2006;312:630-641. (Link)