Human sAPO-1/Fas FlowCytomix Simplex

Description: This FlowCytomix Simplex Kit is designed for the measurement of Human sAPO-1/Fas in an immunoassay analyzed on a flow cytometer. Together with the FlowCytomix Human Basic Kit (cat. BMS8420FF), this kit can be used to detect sAPO-1/Fas alone or can be multiplexed with other Simplex Kits to measure a variety of analytes.

This kit contains bead population A3.

Programmed cell death or Apoptosis is the most common form of eukaryotic cell death and is found during tumor regression and embryonic development. In the process of selection and eliminiation of autoreactive B and T cells Apoptosis is an important process and therefore a prerequisite for the homeostasis of the immune system. Apoptosis is characterized by changes in cellular morphology (e.g. nuclear condensation, membrane bleeding) and biochemically by rapid induction on DNA fragmentation.
APO-1/Fas (CD95), a member of the TNF/NGF receptor superfamily, is a glycosylated 48 kDa surface protein containing a single transmembrane region. APO-1/Fas is expressed on a variety of human B and T cell lines, on many different tumor cells and on various normal human tissues. Triggering of APO-1/Fas by its ligand or by certain anti-APO-1/Fas monoclonal antibodies results in rapid induction of programmed cell death (Apoptosis) in susceptible cells. The tissue distribution of APO-1/Fas and of the APO-1/Fas ligand suggests that the APO-1/Fas receptor/ligand system plays an important role in various aspects of mammalian development and especially in the homeostasis of the immune system.
Expression of the APO-1/Fas cell surface protein is enhanced by IFN-gamma and TNF and by activation in lymphocytes. APO-1/Fas also occurs in a soluble form (sAPO-1/Fas) devoid of a transmembrane region.
Elevated sAPO-1/Fas levels have been reported in sera from patients with high-and low-grade malignant B- and T-cell leukemias and systemic lupus erythematosus (Knipping et al., submitted). sAPO-1/Fas may prevent cells from undergoing APO-1/Fas ligand induced Apoptosis. Hence, secretion of sAPO-1/Fas may provide a mechanism for tumor cells to excape immunosurveillance and may be involved in leukemogenesis.

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Knipping,E.; Debatin,K.M.; Stricker,K.; Heilig,B.; Eder,A.; Krammer,P.H.. Identification of soluble APO-1 in supernatants of human B- and T-cell lines and increased serum levels in B- and T-cell leukemias. Blood 1995;85:1562-1569. (Link)

Itoh,N.; Yonehara,S.; Ishii,A.; Yonehara,M.; Mizushima,S.; Sameshima,M.; Hase,A.; Seto,Y.; Nagata,S.. The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigen Fas can mediate apoptosis. Cell 1991;66:233-243. (Link)

Munker,R.; Lubbert,M.; Yonehara,S.; Tuchnitz,A.; Mertelsmann,R.; Wilmanns,W.. Expression of the Fas antigen on primary human leukemia cells. Ann.Hematol. 1995;70:15-17. (Link)

Suda,T.; Takahashi,T.; Golstein,P.; Nagata,S.. Molecular cloning and expression of the Fas ligand, a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor family. Cell 1993;75:1169-1178. (Link)

Cheng,J.; Zhou,T.; Liu,C.; Shapiro,J.P.; Brauer,M.J.; Kiefer,M.C.; Barr,P.J.; Mountz,J.D.. Protection from Fas-mediated apoptosis by a soluble form of the Fas molecule. Science 1994;263:1759-1762. (Link)

Daniel,P.T.; Krammer,P.H.. Activation induces sensitivity toward APO-1 (CD95)-mediated apoptosis in human B cells. J.Immunol. 1994;152:5624-5632. (Link)

Leithauser,F.; Dhein,J.; Mechtersheimer,G.; Koretz,K.; Bruderlein,S.; Henne,C.; Schmidt,A.; Debatin,K.M.; Krammer,P.H.; Moller,P.. Constitutive and induced expression of APO-1, a new member of the nerve growth factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, in normal and neoplastic cells. Lab Invest 1993;69:415-429. (Link)

Trauth,B.C.; Klas,C.; Peters,A.M.; Matzku,S.; Moller,P.; Falk,W.; Debatin,K.M.; Krammer,P.H.. Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis. Science 1989;245:301-305. (Link)

Oehm,A.; Behrmann,I.; Falk,W.; Pawlita,M.; Maier,G.; Klas,C.; Li-Weber,M.; Richards,S.; Dhein,J.; Trauth,B.C.; .. Purification and molecular cloning of the APO-1 cell surface antigen, a member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily. Sequence identity with the Fas antigen. J.Biol.Chem. 1992;267:10709-10715. (Link)

Klas,C.; Debatin,K.M.; Jonker,R.R.; Krammer,P.H.. Activation interferes with the APO-1 pathway in mature human T cells. Int.Immunol. 1993;5:625-630. (Link)

Yonehara,S.; Ishii,A.; Yonehara,M.. A cell-killing monoclonal antibody (anti-Fas) to a cell surface antigen co-downregulated with the receptor of tumor necrosis factor. J.Exp.Med. 1989;169:1747-1756. (Link)

Watanabe-Fukunaga,R.; Brannan,C.I.; Copeland,N.G.; Jenkins,N.A.; Nagata,S.. Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature 1992;356:314-317. (Link)

Moller,P.; Henne,C.; Leithauser,F.; Eichelmann,A.; Schmidt,A.; Bruderlein,S.; Dhein,J.; Krammer,P.H.. Coregulation of the APO-1 antigen with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (CD54) in tonsillar B cells and coordinate expression in follicular center B cells and in follicle center and mediastinal B-cell lymphomas. Blood 1993;81:2067-2075. (Link)