Human sFas Ligand Platinum ELISA

Description: The human sFas-L ELISA is an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative detection of human sFas-L. The human sFas-L ELISA is for research use only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Fas (APO-1, CD95) is a type I membrane protein that belongs to the TNF/nerve growth factor receptor family. Fas mediates apoptosis, the programmed cell death, when it is cross-linked with specific binding partners. The natural binding partner of Fas is its ligand, Fas-L, which is a 37 kDa type II-membrane protein that belongs to the TNF family which includes TNF, lymphotoxin, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), CD40 ligand, CD27 ligand, CD30 ligand, and OX40 ligand. Fas-L is predominantly expressed on activated T-cells and NK cells, thus Fas-L-mediated cell death is involved in the T or NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, some pathologic tissue damages, and the regulation of lymphocyte homeostasis.

A soluble form of Fas-L (sFas-L) is naturally produced by metalloproteinase- mediated processing. The soluble form resulting from this cleavage was shown to induce apoptosis in susceptible cells.

Markedly elevated levels of sFas-L have been shown in TEN (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Lyell's Syndrom) patients' sera.
Liver dysfunction was shown to be paralleled by increased sFas-L levels as well as kidney damage.
Fas-L is discussed to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, especially the concentrations of sFas-L are remarkably higher in the sera and synovial fluids of patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis as compared to normal controls. Increased levels of soluble Fas-L in the serum of graft-versus-host disease patients make it a good marker for treatment of the disease.

Citations: Stur,Karoline; Karlhofer,Franz; Stingl,Georg. Soluble FAS Ligand: A Discriminating Feature between Drug-Induced Skin Eruptions and Viral Exanthemas. J Invest Dermatol 2006;127:802-807. (Link)

Lapinski,T.W.; Kovalczuk,O.; Flisiak,R.; Pancewicz,J.. Levels of HBV-DNA, sFas and sFasL among healthy HBsAg carriers in period of three years. Advances in medical sciences 2006;51:46-50. (Link)

Tinazzi,Elisa; Puccetti,Antonio; Gerli,Roberto; Rigo,Antonella; Migliorini,Paola; Simeoni,Sara; Beri,Ruggero; Dolcino,Marzia; Martinelli,Nicola; Corrocher,Roberto; Lunardi,Claudio. Serum DNase I, soluble Fas/FasL levels and cell surface Fas expression in patients with SLE: a possible explanation for the lack of efficacy of hrDNase I treatment. International Immunology 2009;21:237-243. (Link)

Papadaki,Helen A.; Eliopoulos,Aristides G.; Kosteas,Theodoros; Gemetzi,Claudia; Damianaki,Athina; Koutala,Helen; Bux,Juergen; Eliopoulos,George D.. Impaired granulocytopoiesis in patients with chronic idiopathic neutropenia is associated with increased apoptosis of bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells. Blood 2003;101:2591-2600. (Link)

Satchell,Margaret; Lai,Yichen; Kochanek,Patrick; Wisniewski,Stephen; Fink,Ericka; Siedberg,Neal; Berger,Rachel; Dekosky,Steven; David,Adelson; Clark,Robert. Cytochrome c, a biomarker of apoptosis, is increased in cerebrospinal fluid from infants with inflicted brain injury from child abuse. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2005;25:919-927. (Link)

Lapinski,T.W.; Kowalczuk,O.; Prokopowicz,D.; Chyczewski,L.; Jaroszewicz,J.. HBV-DNA and sFas, sFasL concentrations in serum of healthy HBsAg carriers. Roczniki Akademii Medycznej w BiaBymstoku (1995) 2005;50:179-182. (Link)

Alcouffe,Julie; Therville,Nicole; Segui,Bruno; Nazzal,Dani; Blaes,Nelly; Salvayre,Robert; Thomsen,Mogens; Benoist,Herve. Expression of membrane-bound and soluble FasL in Fas- and FADD-dependent T lymphocyte apoptosis induced by mildly oxidized LDL. FASEB Journal 2003;02-0808fje. (Link)

References: Matute-Bello,G.; Liles,W.C.; Steinberg,K.P.; Kiener,P.A.; Mongovin,S.; Chi,E.Y.; Jonas,M.; Martin,T.R.. Soluble Fas ligand induces epithelial cell apoptosis in humans with acute lung injury (ARDS). J.Immunol. 1999;163:2217-2225. (Link)

Nakamoto,Y.; Kaneko,S.; Buttner,S.W.; Matsushita,E.; Kobayashi,K.. Inhibition of peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis by soluble fas ligand in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol.Rep. 1999;6:733-739. (Link)

Nozawa,K.; Kayagaki,N.; Tokano,Y.; Yagita,H.; Okumura,K.; Hasimoto,H.. Soluble Fas (APO-1, CD95) and soluble Fas ligand in rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:1126-1129. (Link)

Kanda,Y.; Tanaka,Y.; Shirakawa,K.; Yatomi,T.; Nakamura,N.; Kami,M.; Saito,T.; Izutsu,K.; Asai,T.; Yuji,K.; Ogawa,S.; Honda,H.; Mitani,K.; Chiba,S.; Yazaki,Y.; Hirai,H.. Increased soluble Fas-ligand in sera of bone marrow transplant recipients with acute graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1998;22:751-754. (Link)

Hasegawa,D.; Kojima,S.; Tatsumi,E.; Hayakawa,A.; Kosaka,Y.; Nakamura,H.; Sako,M.; Osugi,Y.; Nagata,S.; Sano,K.. Elevation of the serum Fas ligand in patients with hemophagocytic syndrome and Diamond-Blackfan anemia. Blood 1998;91:2793-2799. (Link)

De,Maria R.; Testi,R.. Fas-FasL interactions: a common pathogenetic mechanism in organ-specific autoimmunity. Immunol.Today 1998;19:121-125. (Link)

Ortiz,A.; Lorz,C.; Egido,J.. The Fas ligand/Fas system in renal injury. Nephrol.Dial.Transplant. 1999;14:1831-1834. (Link)

Stassi,G.; Di,Felice,V; Todaro,M.; Cappello,F.; Zummo,G.; Farina,F.; Trucco,M.; De,Maria R.. Involvement of Fas/FasL system in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and Wilson's disease. Arch.Immunol.Ther.Exp.(Warsz.) 1999;47:129-133. (Link)

Suzuki,N.; Ichino,M.; Mihara,S.; Kaneko,S.; Sakane,T.. Inhibition of Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptotic cell death of lymphocytes in vitro by circulating anti-Fas ligand autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:344-353. (Link)

Mann,B.; Gratchev,A.; Bohm,C.; Hanski,M.L.; Foss,H.D.; Demel,G.; Trojanek,B.; Schmidt-Wolf,I.; Stein,H.; Riecken,E.O.; Buhr,H.J.; Hanski,C.. FasL is more frequently expressed in liver metastases of colorectal cancer than in matched primary carcinomas. Br.J.Cancer 1999;79:1262-1269. (Link)

Ortiz,A.; Lorz,C.; Egido,J.. New kids in the block: the role of FasL and Fas in kidney damage. J.Nephrol. 1999;12:150-158. (Link)

Seino,K.; Iwabuchi,K.; Kayagaki,N.; Miyata,R.; Nagaoka,I.; Matsuzawa,A.; Fukao,K.; Yagita,H.; Okumura,K.. Chemotactic activity of soluble Fas ligand against phagocytes. J.Immunol. 1998;161:4484-4488. (Link)

Taieb,J.; Mathurin,P.; Poynard,T.; Gougerot-Pocidalo,M.A.; Chollet-Martin,S.. Raised plasma soluble Fas and Fas-ligand in alcoholic liver disease. Lancet 1998;351:1930-1931. (Link)

Viard,I.; Wehrli,P.; Bullani,R.; Schneider,P.; Holler,N.; Salomon,D.; Hunziker,T.; Saurat,J.H.; Tschopp,J.; French,L.E.. Inhibition of toxic epidermal necrolysis by blockade of CD95 with human intravenous immunoglobulin. Science 1998;282:490-493. (Link)

Mitsiades,N.; Poulaki,V.; Kotoula,V.; Leone,A.; Tsokos,M.. Fas ligand is present in tumors of the Ewing's sarcoma family and is cleaved into a soluble form by a metalloproteinase. Am.J.Pathol. 1998;153:1947-1956. (Link)

Hosaka,N.; Oyaizu,N.; Kaplan,M.H.; Yagita,H.; Pahwa,S.. Membrane and soluble forms of Fas (CD95) and Fas ligand in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in plasma from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. J.Infect.Dis. 1998;178:1030-1039. (Link)

Kato,K.; Ohshima,K.; Ishihara,S.; Anzai,K.; Suzumiya,J.; Kikuchi,M.. Elevated serum soluble Fas ligand in natural killer cell proliferative disorders. Br.J.Haematol. 1998;103:1164-1166. (Link)

Teraki,Y.; Shiohara,T.. Apoptosis and the skin. Eur.J.Dermatol. 1999;9:413-425. (Link)

Hill,L.L.; Ouhtit,A.; Loughlin,S.M.; Kripke,M.L.; Ananthaswamy,H.N.; Owen-Schaub,L.B.. Fas ligand: a sensor for DNA damage critical in skin cancer etiology. Science 1999;285:898-900. (Link)

O'Connell,J.; Bennett,M.W.; O'Sullivan,G.C.; Collins,J.K.; Shanahan,F.. Resistance to Fas (APO-1/CD95)-mediated apoptosis and expression of Fas ligand in esophageal cancer: the Fas counterattack. Dis.Esophagus. 1999;12:83-89. (Link)

Shiota,G.; Oyama,K.; Noguchi,N.; Takano,Y.; Kitaoka,S.; Kawasaki,H.. Clinical significance of serum soluble Fas ligand in patients with acute self-limited and fulminant hepatitis. Res.Commun.Mol.Pathol.Pharmacol. 1998;101:3-12. (Link)

Das,H.; Imoto,S.; Murayama,T.; Kajimoto,K.; Sugimoto,T.; Isobe,T.; Nakagawa,T.; Nishimura,R.; Koizumi,T.. Levels of soluble FasL and FasL gene expression during the development of graft-versus-host disease in DLT-treated patients. Br.J.Haematol. 1999;104:795-800. (Link)

Tannapfel,A.; Kohlhaw,K.; Ebelt,J.; Hauss,J.; Liebert,U.; Berr,F.; Wittekind,C.. Apoptosis and the expression of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) antigen in rejection and reinfection in liver allograft specimens. Transplantation 1999;67:1079-1083. (Link)

Hashimoto,H.; Tanaka,M.; Suda,T.; Tomita,T.; Hayashida,K.; Takeuchi,E.; Kaneko,M.; Takano,H.; Nagata,S.; Ochi,T.. Soluble Fas ligand in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:657-662. (Link)

Murayama,T.; Koizumi,T.; Das,H.; Kobayashi,Y.; Kajimoto,K.; Sugimoto,T.; Imoto,S.; Nishimura,R.; Nakagawa,T.. Soluble fas ligand in natural killer cell lymphoma 94. Am.J.Hematol. 1999;62:253-255. (Link)