Anti-Grim-19 FITC

Description: This 1A8 monoclonal antibody reacts with human, mouse, and rat Grim-19. This 16 kDa protein is expressed in many human tissues, especially in the heart and skeletal muscle. Lower expression levels of Grim-19 can be observed in the liver, kidney, and brain. Originally described as a nuclear protein, reports indicate that Grim-19 is primarily localized to mitochondria as an essential component of complex I of the electron transport chain. Grim-19 expression can be induced by interferon-β and all-trans-retinoic acid in tumor cell lines, leading to cell death. Finally, Grim-19 has been shown to bind the transactivation domain of STAT3 and inhibit its transcriptional activity. The molecular mechanisms of how Grim-19 regulates STAT3 within the cell remains under active investigation.

References: Huang G, Lu H, Hao A, Ng DC, Ponniah S, Guo K, Lufei C, Zeng Q, Cao X. GRIM-19, a cell death regulatory protein, is essential for assembly and function of mitochondrial complex I. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8447-56.

Zhang J, Yang J, Roy SK, Tininini S, Hu J, Bromberg JF, Poli V, Stark GR, Kalvakolanu DV. The cell death regulator GRIM-19 is an inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9342-7. (1A8, WB, IP)

Hu J, Angell JE, Zhang J, Ma X, Seo T, Raha A, Hayashi J, Choe J, Kalvakolanu DV. Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against GRIM-19, a novel IFN-beta and retinoic acid-activated regulator of cell death. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2002 Oct;22(10):1017-26. (1A8, WB)

Angell JE, Lindner DJ, Shapiro PS, Hofmann ER, Kalvakolanu DV. Identification of GRIM-19, a novel cell death-regulatory gene induced by the interferon-beta and retinoic acid combination, using a genetic approach. J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 27;275(43):33416-26.