Anti-Human/Mouse IRF4 Alexa Fluor® 647 (To be Discontinued. Refer to Cat. No. 50-9858)

Description: The monoclonal antibody 3E4 reacts with human and mouse interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). IRF4 is a 52 kDa transcription factor with roles in B cell, T cell and macrophage function. In B cells, IRF4 is highly expressed in mature plasma cells and plays a crucial role in their differentiation. IRF4 has been shown to interact with PU.1 and control the transcription of many B cell-specific genes including Prdm1, which encodes Blimp1. In T cells, IRF4 has been implicated in regulatory T (Treg), Th2, Th9 and Th17 cell development and function. This transcription factor is upregulated upon T cell activation and is expressed in mature T cells. Studies have shown that IRF4 directly induces Blimp1 expression in Tregs, leading to IL-10 expression. IRF4 has also been demonstrated to be involved in macrophage polarization and regulation. Lastly, in addition to its roles in normal immune function, IRF4 expression has been reported to be upregulated in many blood-related cancers.

References: Cretney E, Xin A, Shi W, Minnich M, Masson F, Miasari M, Belz GT, Smyth GK, Busslinger M, Nutt SL, Kallies A. The transcription factors Blimp-1 and IRF4 jointly control the differentiation and function of effector regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol. 2011 Apr;12(4):304-11.

Satoh T, Takeuchi O, Vandenbon A, Yasuda K, Tanaka Y, Kumagai Y, Miyake T, Matsushita K, Okazaki T, Saitoh T, Honma K, Matsuyama T, Yui K, Tsujimura T, Standley DM, Nakanishi K, Nakai K, Akira S. The Jmjd3-Irf4 axis regulates M2 macrophage polarization and host responses against helminth infection. Nat Immunol. 2010 Oct;11(10):936-44.

Staudt V, Bothur E, Klein M, Lingnau K, Reuter S, Grebe N, Gerlitzki B, Hoffmann M, Ulges A, Taube C, Dehzad N, Becker M, Stassen M, Steinborn A, Lohoff M, Schild H, Schmitt E, Bopp T. Interferon-regulatory factor 4 is essential for the developmental program of T helper 9 cells. Immunity. 2010 Aug; 33(2): 192-202.

Shaffer AL, Emre NC, Romesser PB, Staudt LM. IRF4: Immunity. Malignancy! Therapy? Immunity. 2010 Aug 27;33(2):192-202.

Clin Cancer Res. 2009 May 1;15(9):2954-61Zheng Y, Chaudhry A, Kas A, deRoos P, Kim JM, Chu TT, Corcoran L, Treuting P, Klein U, Rudensky AY. Regulatory T-cell suppressor program co-opts transcription factor IRF4 to control T(H)2 responses. Nature. 2009 Mar 19;458(7236):351-6. (3E4, IC Flow)

Falini B, Fizzotti M, Pucciarini A, Bigerna B, Marafioti T, Gambacorta M, Pacini R, Alunni C, Natali-Tanci L, Ugolini B, Sebastiani C, Cattoretti G, Pileri S, Dalla-Favera R, Stein H. A monoclonal antibody (MUM1p) detects expression of the MUM1/IRF4 protein in a subset of germinal center B cells, plasma cells, and activated T cells. Blood. 2000 Mar 15;95(6):2084-92.