Anti-Human LAP (Latency Associated Peptide) PE

Description: The FNLAP monoclonal antibody reacts with human latency associated peptide (LAP, pro-TGF beta 1, LAP/TGF beta 1). Many different cells produce TGF beta and it mediates effects on the proliferation, differentiation and function of many cell types. TGF beta is synthesized as a precursor that contains LAP at the N-terminus and mature TGF beta at the C-terminus. Processing and cleavage of the precursor protein between amino acids 278 and 279 results in the formation of LAP dimers and TGF beta dimers that then non-covalently associate with each other to form the small latent TGF beta complex. LAP is secreted and can be found in the extracellular matrix. In addition, LAP can also be expressed on platelets and activated regulatory T cells. It is believed that this surface-expressed LAP is due to the binding of LAP to GARP (LRRC32), which is a transmembrane protein that is also found at high levels on platelets and activated regulatory T cells.

References: Schuler PJ, Schilling B, Harasymczuk M, Hoffmann TK, Johnson J, Lang S, Whiteside TL. Phenotypic and functional characteristics of CD4+ CD39+ FOXP3+ and CD4+ CD39+ FOXP3neg T-cell subsets in cancer patients. Eur J Immunol. 2012 Jul;42(7):1876-85. (FNLAP, FC, PubMed)

Mantel PY, Schmidt-Weber CB. Transforming growth factor-beta: recent advances on its role in immune tolerance. Methods Mol Biol. 2011;677:303-38.

Tran DQ, Andersson J, Wang R, Ramsey H, Unutmaz D, Shevach EM. GARP (LRRC32) is essential for the surface expression of latent TGF-beta on platelets and activated FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 11;106(32):13445-50.

Chen Y, Ali T, Todorovic V, O'leary JM, Kristina Downing A, Rifkin DB. Amino acid requirements for formation of the TGF-beta-latent TGF-beta binding protein complexes. J Mol Biol. 2005 Jan 7;345(1):175-86.

Khalil N. TGF-beta: from latent to active. Microbes Infect. 1999 Dec;1(15):1255-63