Human IL-35 ELISA Ready-SET-Go!

Description: This Human IL-35 Ready-SET-Go! ELISA Set contains the necessary reagents, standards, buffers and diluents for performing quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). This ELISA set is specifically engineered for precise measurement of relative protein levels from samples including serum, plasma, cell lysates, and supernatants from cell cultures.The use of an EBI3-specific capture antibody and a p35-specific detection antibody renders this sandwich ELISA exquisitely specific for human IL-35.

Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is the most recently discovered member of the IL-12 subfamily of cytokines and is a heterodimer of the subunits EBI3 and p35. EBI3 is homologous to p40, and can be secreted independently as a monomer or homodimer, or along with p28 as the IL-27 cytokine. The p35 subunit was initially identified in association with p40 as the IL-12 cytokine, although the independent regulation of p40 and p35 expression led to speculation that these subunits could potentially associate with other proteins. This possibility was confirmed by the discovery of secreted EBI3 and p35 heterodimers in co-transfected cells.

Since its identification, the biology of the IL-35 heterodimer has remained incompletely understood, although it is clearly unique among the IL-12 family in expression and function. Early functional experiments demonstrated its ability to induce expansion and IL-10 production in CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and suppress the proliferation of Th17 cells, suggesting a role in immune regulation. This was further supported by the detection of IL-35 in supernatant from mouse regulatory, but not effector, T cell cultures by coprecipitation of the EBI3 and p35 subunits. However, attempts to produce similar results in natural, Foxp3+ human Treg were unsuccessful, suggesting that IL-35 had distinct functions in human and mouse biology. Later studies contradicted this by demonstrating that that inducible Treg, which are derived from mature effector T cells under certain stimulatory conditions, were capable of producing IL-35 after exposure to dendritic cells co-cultured with human rhinovirus (R-DC), and that the secreted IL-35 contributed to their immunosuppresant function. Additional research supported the findings that inducible Treg were a source of IL-35 and also indicated that IL-35 may play a role in the conversion of effector T cells to a suppressive phenotype. These findings provide further evidence that IL-35 functions mainly as an immunosuppressive cytokine.

References: Seyerl M, Kirchberger S, Majdic O, Seipelt J, Jindra C, Schrauf C, Stockl J. Human rhinoviruses induce IL-35-producing Treg via induction of B7-H1 (CD274) and sialoadhesin (CD169) on DC. Eur J Immunol. 2010 Feb;40(2):321-9.

Bardel E, Larousserie F, Charlot-Rabiega P, Coulomb-L’Hermine A, Devergne O. Human CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells do not constitutively express IL-35. J Immunol 2008 Nov 15;181(10):6898-905.

Collison LW, Workman CJ, Kuo TT, Boyd K, Wang Y, Vignali KM, Cross R, Sehy D, Blumberg RS, Vignali DA. The inhibitory cytokine IL-35 contributes to regulatory T-cell function. Nature. 2007 Nov 22;450(7169):566-9.

Niedbala W, Wei XQ, Cai B, Hueber AJ, Leung BP, McInnes IB, Liew FY. IL-35 is a novel cytokine with therapeutic effects against collagen-induced arthritis through the expansion of regulatory T cells and suppression of Th17 cells. Eur J Immunol. 2007 Nov;37(11):3021-9.

Devergne O, Birkenbach M, Kieff E. Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 and the p35 subunit of interleukin 12 form a novel heterodimeric hematopoietin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997 Oct 28;94(22):12041-6