Human IL-22 FlowCytomix Simplex

Description: This FlowCytomix Simplex Kit is designed for the measurement of Human IL-22 in an immunoassay analyzed on a flow cytometer. Together with the FlowCytomix Human Basic Kit (cat. BMS8420FF), this kit can be used to detect IL-22 alone or can be multiplexed with other Simplex Kits to measure a variety of analytes.

This kit contains bead population A11.

IL-22 is a new cytokine originally identified as a gene induced by IL-9 in murine T lymphocytes, and showing 22% amino acid identity with IL-10. In the mouse, the IL-22 gene is located on chromosome 10, in the same region as the IFN gamma gene.
IL-22 is produced by activated Th1 and NK cells acting primarily on epithelial cells and is involved in inflammatory responses. Neither resting nor activated immune cells express IL-22 receptor, and IL-22 does not have any effects on these cells in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, cells of the skin and the digestive and respiratory systems represent putative targets of this cytokine. Thus IL-22 does not serve the communication between immune cells but is a T cell mediator that directly promotes the innate, nonspecific immunity of tissues. IL-22 serves as a protective molecule to counteract the destructive nature of the immune response to limit tissue damage.

IL-22 regulates the production of acute phase proteins of the immunological response. On binding to its cognate receptor (IL-22R1), which is associated to the interleukin-10 receptor 2 (IL-10R2), IL-22 promotes activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway and several other cellular responses.

Psoriatic patients show strongly elevated IL-22 plasma levels, which correlated with the disease severity.
IL-22 plays a protective role in T cell-mediated hepatitis induced by Concanavalin A (Con A), acting as a survival factor for hepatocytes. IL-22 is present in high quantities in the blood of Crohn's disease patients in contrast to IFN-gamma and IL-17.

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Zheng,Y.; Danilenko,D.M.; Valdez,P.; Kasman,I.; Eastham-Anderson,J.; Wu,J.; Ouyang,W.. Interleukin-22, a T(H)17 cytokine, mediates IL-23-induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis. Nature 2007;445:648-651. (Link)

Radaeva,S.; Sun,R.; Pan,H.N.; Hong,F.; Gao,B.. Interleukin 22 (IL-22) plays a protective role in T cell-mediated murine hepatitis: IL-22 is a survival factor for hepatocytes via STAT3 activation. Hepatology 2004;39:1332-1342. (Link)

Wolk,K.; Witte,E.; Hoffmann,U.; Doecke,W.D.; Endesfelder,S.; Asadullah,K.; Sterry,W.; Volk,H.D.; Wittig,B.M.; Sabat,R.. IL-22 induces lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in hepatocytes: a potential systemic role of IL-22 in Crohn's disease. J Immunol 2007;178:5973-5981. (Link)

Liang,S.C.; Tan,X.Y.; Luxenberg,D.P.; Karim,R.; Dunussi-Joannopoulos,K.; Collins,M.; Fouser,L.A.. Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides. J Exp Med 2006;203:2271-2279. (Link)

Levillayer,F.; Mas,M.; Levi-Acobas,F.; Brahic,M.; Bureau,J.F.. Interleukin 22 is a candidate gene for Tmevp3, a locus controlling Theiler's virus-induced neurological diseases. Genetics 2007;176:1835-1844. (Link)

Wolk,K.; Kunz,S.; Witte,E.; Friedrich,M.; Asadullah,K.; Sabat,R.. IL-22 increases the innate immunity of tissues. Immunity 2004;21:241-254. (Link)

Dumoutier,L.; Lejeune,D.; Colau,D.; Renauld,J.C.. Cloning and characterization of IL-22 binding protein, a natural antagonist of IL-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor/IL-22. J Immunol 2001;166:7090-7095. (Link)

Wolk,K.; Witte,E.; Wallace,E.; Docke,W.D.; Kunz,S.; Asadullah,K.; Volk,H.D.; Sterry,W.; Sabat,R.. IL-22 regulates the expression of genes responsible for antimicrobial defense, cellular differentiation, and mobility in keratinocytes: a potential role in psoriasis. Eur J Immunol 2006;36:1309-1323. (Link)

Pan,H.; Hong,F.; Radaeva,S.; Gao,B.. Hydrodynamic gene delivery of interleukin-22 protects the mouse liver from concanavalin A-, carbon tetrachloride-, and Fas ligand-induced injury via activation of STAT3. Cell Mol Immunol 2004;1:43-49. (Link)

Zenewicz,L.A.; Yancopoulos,G.D.; Valenzuela,D.M.; Murphy,A.J.; Karow,M.; Flavell,R.A.. Interleukin-22 but not interleukin-17 provides protection to hepatocytes during acute liver inflammation. Immunity 2007;27:647-659. (Link)

Dumoutier,L.; Van,Roost E.; Ameye,G.; Michaux,L.; Renauld,J.C.. IL-TIF/IL-22: genomic organization and mapping of the human and mouse genes. Genes Immun. 2000;1:488-494. (Link)

Wolk,K.; Witte,E.; Reineke,U.; Witte,K.; Friedrich,M.; Sterry,W.; Asadullah,K.; Volk,H.D.; Sabat,R.. Is there an interaction between interleukin-10 and interleukin-22?. Genes Immun. 2005;6:8-18. (Link)

Nagakawa,H.; Shimozato,O.; Yu,L.; Takiguchi,Y.; Tatsumi,K.; Kuriyama,T.; Tagawa,M.. Expression of interleukin-22 in murine carcinoma cells did not influence tumour growth in vivo but did improve survival of the inoculated hosts. Scand.J Immunol 2004;60:449-454. (Link)

Wei,C.C.; Ho,T.W.; Liang,W.G.; Chen,G.Y.; Chang,M.S.. Cloning and characterization of mouse IL-22 binding protein. Genes Immun. 2003;4:204-211. (Link)

Nagalakshmi,M.L.; Rascle,A.; Zurawski,S.; Menon,S.; de Waal,Malefyt R.. Interleukin-22 activates STAT3 and induces IL-10 by colon epithelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol. 2004;4:679-691. (Link)