Anti-Human CD44std Purified

Description: BMS113 specifically recognizes human standard CD44, but cannot be used to distinguish between splice variants (exon v3-v10).

CD44 is a cell membrane associated, polymorphic glycoprotein with apparent molecular weights ranging from 85 kDa to 250 kDa. CD44 isoforms participate in a wide variety of cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions including lymphocyte homing, establishment of B and T cell immune responses, tumor metastases formation and inflammation.

Three isoform categories of the CD44 molecule have been identified:
1) an 80-90 kDa isoform, the so-called standard form named CD44std, which is widely distributed on several hematopoietic and nonhemato-poietic cells including all subsets of leukocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, many types of epithelium, mesenchymal elements like fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and glial cells of the central nervous system,
2) a medium size category of 110-160 kDa which is weakly expressed on epithelial cells and highly expressed in some carcinomas and
3) a category which includes very large isoforms of 250 kDa covalently modified by the addition of chondroitin sulfate.

These bigger isoforms of CD44 arise by alternative splicing of one or more "variant" exons (v2-v10) into the extracellular part of the 90kDa constant form molecule. Compared to the standard CD44, all larger isoforms are expressed in a much more restricted fashion, only in a few normal tissues or on the surface of certain tumor cells. Some splice variants of CD44 play important and distinct roles in tumor metastasis.

Citations: Afify,Alaa; Pang,Lori; Howell,Lydia. Diagnostic utility of CD44 standard, CD44v6, and CD44v3-10 expression in adenocarcinomas presenting in serous fluids. Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM / official publication of the Society for Applied Immunohistochemistry 2007;15:446-450. (Link)

Schuster-Kolbe,J.; Ludwig,H.; Adolf,G.R.; Heider,K.H.. Expression of CD44 isoforms on isolated bone marrow plasma cells and peripheral CD19+ B cells of patients with multiple myeloma and healthy individuals. Leuk.Lymphoma 1999;34:95-103. (Link)

Afify,A.; Purnell,P.; Nguyen,L.. Role of CD44s and CD44v6 on human breast cancer cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. Experimental and Molecular Pathology 2009;86:95-100. (Link)

Anderegg,Ulf; Eichenberg,Thea; Parthaune,Tanja; Haiduk,Christian; Saalbach,Anja; Milkova,Linda; Ludwig,Andreas; Grosche,Jens; Averbeck,Marco; Gebhardt,Carl; Voelcker,Verena; Sleeman,Jonathan; Simon,Jan. ADAM10 Is the Constitutive Functional Sheddase of CD44 in Human Melanoma Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2008;(Link)

Braumller,H.; Gansauge,S.; Ramadani,M.; Gansauge,F.. CD44v6 cell surface expression is a common feature of macrophages and macrophage-like cells - implication for a natural... FEBS Letters 2000;476:240-247. (Link)

Franzmann,Elizabeth J.; Reategui,Erika P.; Carraway,Kermit L.; Hamilton,Kara L.; Weed,Donald T.; Goodwin,W.Jarrard. Salivary Soluble CD44: A Potential Molecular Marker for Head and Neck Cancer. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2005;14:735-739. (Link)

Kaya,Grkan; Augsburger,Eric; Stamenkovic,Ivan; Saurat,Jean Hilaire. Decrease in Epidermal CD44 Expression as a Potential Mechanism for Abnormal Hyaluronate Accumulation in Superficial Dermis in Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus. J Investig Dermatol 2000;115:1054-1058. (Link)

Kriehuber E,Breiteneder-Geleff S,Groeger M,Soleiman A,Schoppmann SF,Stingl G,Kerjaschki D,Maurer D.. Isolation and characterization of dermal lymphatic and blood endothelial cells reveal stable and functionally specialized cell lineages.. J Exp Med 2001;194:797-808. (Link)

Ichikawa; Masumoto; Kaneko; Saida; Sagara; Taniguchi. Moesin and CD44 expression in cutaneous melanocytic tumours. British Journal of Dermatology 1998;138:763-768. (Link)

Asselman,Marino; Verhulst,Anja; de Broe,Marc E.; Verkoelen,Carl F.. Calcium Oxalate Crystal Adherence to Hyaluronan-, Osteopontin-, and CD44-Expressing Injured/Regenerating Tubular Epithelial Cells in Rat Kidneys. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003;14:3155-3166. (Link)

Hoffmann,U.; Heilmann,K.; Hayford,C.; Stallmach,A.; Wahnschaffe,U.; Zeitz,M.; Gunthert,U.; Wittig,B.. CD44v7 ligation downregulates the inflammatory immune response in Crohn's disease patients by apoptosis induction in mononuclear cells from the lamina propria. Cell Death Differ 2007;(Link)

CHUANG,C.K.; SHEN,Y.C.; WU,J.H.; TSAI,L.H.; LIAO,S.K.. IMMUNOBIOLOGIC, CYTOGENETIC AND DRUG RESPONSE FEATURES OF A NEWLY ESTABLISHED CELL LINE (SCRC-1) FROM RENAL SMALL CELL... The Journal of urology 2000;163:1016-1021. (Link)

Kaya,Grkan; Augsburger,Eric; Chavaz,Pierre; Saurat,Jean Hilaire. CD44 and hyaluronate expression in follicular mucinosis. Journal of Cutaneous Pathology 2006;33:227-230. (Link)

Lee,Shih Chun; Harn,Horng Jyh; Lin,Torng Sen; Yeh,Kun Tu; Liu,Yao Chi; Tsai,Chien Sung; Cheng,Yeung Leung. Prognostic significance of CD44v5 expression in human thymic epithelial neoplasms. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003;76:213-218. (Link)

Verhulst,Anja; Asselman,Marino; Persy,Veerle P.; Schepers,Marieke S.J.; Helbert,Mark F.; Verkoelen,Carl F.; de Broe,Marc E.. Crystal Retention Capacity of Cells in the Human Nephron: Involvement of CD44 and Its Ligands Hyaluronic Acid and Osteopontin in the Transition of a Crystal Binding- into a Nonadherent Epithelium. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003;14:107-115. (Link)

Kriehuber,Ernst; Breiteneder-Geleff,Silvana; Groeger,Marion; Soleiman,Afschin; Schoppmann,Sebastian F.; Stingl,Georg; Kerjaschki,Dontscho; Maurer,Dieter. Isolation and Characterization of Dermal Lymphatic and Blood Endothelial Cells Reveal Stable and Functionally Specialized Cell Lineages. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2001;194:797-808. (Link)

Bankfalvi; Terpe,H.J.; Breukelmann,D.; Bier,B.; Rempe,D.; Pschadka,G.; Krech,R.; Bocker,W.. Gains and losses of CD44 expression during breast carcinogenesis and tumour progression. Histopathology 1998;33:107-116. (Link)

Berner,H.S.; Suo,Z.; Risberg,B.; Villman,K.; Karlsson,M.G.; Nesland,J.M.. Clinicopathological associations of CD44 mRNA and protein expression in primary breast carcinomas. Histopathology 2003;42:546-554. (Link)

Kaya,Grkan; Tran,Christian; Sorg,Olivier; Hotz,Raymonde; Grand,Denise; Carraux,Pierre; Didierjean,Liliane; Stamenkovic,Ivan; Saurat,Jean Hilaire. Hyaluronate Fragments Reverse Skin Atrophy by a CD44-Dependent Mechanism. PLoS Medicine 2006;3:(Link)

Sabattini,S.; Bettini,G.. An Immunohistochemical Analysis of Canine Haemangioma and Haemangiosarcoma. Journal of Comparative Pathology 2009;140:158-168. (Link)

Kayastha,Sanjiv; N.,Andrew; M.,Freedman; Piver,Steven; Mukkamalla,Jhansi; Romero-Guittierez,Maritza; Werness,Bruce A.. Expression of the Hyaluronan Receptor, CD44S, in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Is an Independent Predictor of Survival. Clinical Cancer Research 1999;5:1073-1076. (Link)

Stauder,R.; Van Driel,M.; Schwarzler,C.; Thaler,J.; Lokhorst,H.M.; Kreuser,E.D.; Bloem,A.C.; Gunthert,U.; Eisterer,W.. Different CD44 splicing patterns define prognostic subgroups in multiple myeloma. Blood 1996;88:3101-3108. (Link)