CD39 PE

Description: The A1 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD39, also known as ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1) or NTPDase. CD39 is an integral membrane protein with two transmembrane domains and exists as a homotetramer. It is the most prominent ectoenzyme of the immune system. The function of CD39 is to effectively remove toxic extracellular ATP by converting it to ADP or AMP. CD39 is thought to work together with CD73 to hydrolyze ATP and has been well characterized on Langerhans cells. Expression of CD39 was originally identified on activated lymphocytes. Expression is also found on a subset of T cells, B cells and dendritic cells as well as weak staining on monocytes and granulocytes.

Recently, CD39 and CD73 have been found on regulatory T cells (Treg). Expression of CD39 on Treg may facilitate their entry into inflamed areas where high levels of ATP are present. Expression of CD39 on Foxp3+CD4+ cells ranges from 25-45%.

References: Procedures for the Collection of Diagnostic Blood Specimens by Venipuncture (H3-A6), 3rd Edition published by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.

Knapp W, Dorken B, et al, eds. Leucocyte Typing IV: White Cell Differentiation Antigens. Oxford University Press. New York. 1989.

Borsellino G, Kleinewietfeld M, Di Mitri D, Sternjak A, Diamantini A, Giometto R, Hopner S, Centonze D, Bernardi G, Dell'acqua ML, Rossini PM, Battistini L, Rotzschke O, Falk K. Expression of ectonucleotidase CD39 by Foxp3+ Treg cells: hydrolysis of extracellular ATP and immune suppression. Blood. 2007. 110(4):1225-32.