Contents: Blocking Peptides for polyclonal anti-human TLR9
Catalog Number: 66-P929
Formulation: Phosphate buffer pH 7.2,
150 mM NaCl, 0.09% NaN3
Storage Conditions: Store at 4°C, stable for 3 months. For long-term storage, store at -20°C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Description
Human toll-like receptor 9 (hTLR9) is an ~115-120 kDa molecule, which mediates response to unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in the bacterial DNA. CpG DNA induces a strong T-helper-1-like inflammatory response and the proliferation of TLR9-positive human B cells. When stimulated with CpG DNA, TLR9-deficient (TLR9-/-) mice lacked splenocyte proliferation, inflammatory cytokine production from macrophages, and dendritic cell maturation, as compared with normal mice. To date, at least ten members of the Toll family have been identified in human. This family of type I transmembrane proteins is characterized by an extracellular domain with leucine-rich repeats and a cytoplasmic domain with homology to the type I IL-1 receptor. TLR2 and TLR4, are pattern recognition receptors and signaling molecules in response to bacterial lipoproteins and have been implicated in innate immunity and inflammation.
Applications Reported
For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use. This blocking peptide has been reported for use in competition western blots with anti-human TLR9 (cat#
14-9099). This peptide has not been shown to have any functional blocking activity in vitro.
References
Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Kaisho T, Sato S, Sanjo H, Matsumoto M, Hoshino K, Wagner H, Takeda K, Akira S (2000). "A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA." Nature. Dec 7;408(6813):659-60.
Flo, T. H., O. Halaas, et al. (2000). "Human toll-like receptor 2 mediates monocyte activation by Listeria monocytogenes, but not by group B streptococci or lipopolysaccharide." J Immunol 164(4): 2064-9.
Lien, E., T. J. Sellati, et al. (1999). "Toll-like receptor 2 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for diverse bacterial products." J Biol Chem 274(47): 33419-25.
Faure, E., L. Thomas, et al. (2001). "Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and IFN-gamma induce Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 expression in human endothelial cells: role of NF-kappaB activation." J. Immunol 166(3): 2018-24.
Related Products
Cat.
14-9099 Affinity Purified anti-human Toll-like receptor 9 (CD289, TLR9, TLR-9) (clone eB72-1665)
