Contents: Carrier-Free Recombinant Mouse Interleukin-22 (IL-22)
Catalog Number: 34-8221
Formulation: Sterile liquid; 20 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.2, 0.3 M NaCl, with no carrier or stabilizer. 0.22 uM filtered.
Storage Conditions: For greatest stability, keep concentration of primary stock at or above 10 µg/ml. For long term storage, aliquot into polypropylene vials (volumes of 20 µl or greater) and store at or below -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Handling Conditions: For best recovery, always quick-spin vial prior to opening. For dilution of current stock, always include carrier protein (1% BSA or 10% FBS) in the buffered saline diluent.
Source: E. coli expressed amino acids Leu34-Val179 of mature mouse IL-22 (accession # NM_016971).
Molecular Mass: The protein is methionylated at the N-terminal and has a predicted molecular mass of 16,771. The DTT reduced protein migrates as a 15 kDa polypeptide on SDS-PAGE. The non-reduced protein migrates as a 13 kDa polypeptide.
Purity: Greater than 98% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Endotoxin Level: Less than 0.01 ng/ug cytokine as determined by the LAL assay.
Bioactivity: Measured by induction of IL-10 production by Colo205 cells. The ED50 for this is typically below 100 pg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of greater than 1.0 x 10E7 U/mg.
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Description
IL-22, also known as IL-10-related T-cell derived inducible factor, is an alpha helical cytokine and is considered a member of the IFN-IL-10 family, which includes IL-19, IL-20, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28, IL-29, and the type I and II interferons. IL-22 is produced mainly by activated T and NK cells. No other immune cells (resting or activated) or non-immune cells have been found to produce IL-22. Amongst the T cells, in mice Th1 and Th17 cells appear to be the primary producers of IL-22.
IL-22 acts by engaging the heterodimeric receptor complex consisting of primary receptor IL-22R1 and accessory receptor IL-10R2. IL-22R1 also binds IL-20 and IL-24; IL-10R2 also binds IL-10, IL-27, IL-28, and IL-29. Binding of IL-22 to its receptor complex induces signal transduction, particularly via the JAK-STAT pathway. In addition to the cell surface IL-22R1/IL-10R2 complex, a soluble single chain IL-22 receptor termed IL-22BP has been found to antagonize IL-22 binding and signaling. IL-22 appears not to directly influence immune cells; major targets of the cytokine appear to be nonimmune cells, such as cells of the skin, digestive and respiratory system, as well as hepatocytes, and keratinocytes.
IL-22 has been described as an effector cytokine of the Th17 lineage. Along with IL-17A and IL-17F, IL-22 regulates genes associated with innate immunity of the skin. IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22 are all coexpressed by Th17 cells, however, differentially regulated. Note that TGFb, which is required for IL-17A production, inhibits IL-22 production. The effects of IL-22 include induction of acute phase reactants and antimicrobial proteins, as well as increasing the mobility of keratinocytes. IL-22 has been reported to mediate IL-23-induced acanthosis and dermal inflammation through activation of Stat3.
Applications Reported
For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use. The recombinant mouse IL-22 has been reported useful for bioassay.
Applications Tested
This recombinant IL-22 has been tested in bioassay for induction of IL-10 production by Colo205 cells. The ED50 for this effect is typically below 100 pg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity of greater than 1.0 x 10E7 U/mg.
References
Liang, S.C., et al. 2006. IL-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides. J. Exp. Med. 203: 2271-2279.
Wolk, K., et al. 2007. IL-22 induces lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in hepatocytes: a potential systemic role of IL-22 in Crohn’s disease. J. Immunol. 178: 5973-5981.
Zheng, Y., et al. 2007. IL-22, a Th17 cytokine, mediates IL-23 induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis. Nature. 445: 648-651.
