Contents: Recombinant Human TWEAK
Catalog Number: 14-8916
Formulation: Sterile liquid; phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2, 150 mM NaCl, with 1.0% BSA. 0.22 µm filtered.
Storage Conditions: For greatest stability, keep concentration of primary stock at or above 10 µg/ml. For long term storage, aliquot into polypropylene vials (volumes of 20 µl or greater) and store at or below -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.
Handling Conditions: For best recovery, always quick-spin vial prior to opening. For dilution of current stock, always include carrier protein (1% BSA or 10% FBS) in the buffered saline diluent.
Source: E.coli
Molecular Mass: Recombinant human TWEAK is a soluble 17.0 kDa polypeptide (154 amino acid residues) comprising the TNF homologous region of TWEAK and is generated by proteolytic processing of the full length membrane anchored TWEAK protein.
Purity: Greater than 98%, as determined by SDS-PAGE
Endotoxin Level: Less than 0.01 ng/ug cytokine, as determined by the LAL assay.
Bioactivity: The ED50, as determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of IL-8 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, is less than 10 ng/ml.
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Description
TWEAK, TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis, is a member of the TNF family of proteins. TWEAK has the same sequence as APO-3 ligand. Based on homology with other members of the TNF ligand protein superfamily, the ligand is referred to also as TNF ligand superfamily member 12 [ TNFSF12 ]. TWEAK induces IL-8 synthesis in a number of cell lines. TWEAK induces cell death by apoptosis in the human adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 in the presence of IFN-γ. It's been reported that TWEAK contributes to macrophage homeostasis by mediating CD4 (+)T-cell killing of antigen-presenting macrophages. It's been reported that TWEAK plays a role in brain inflammation . Human astrocytes derived from different regions of the brain specifically bind TWEAK and are resistant to apoptosis mediated by TWEAK. TWEAK induces the production of large amounts of IL-8 and IL-6 in astrocytes and significantly increases the expression of ICAM-1.
The TWEAK receptor has been cloned from a human umbilical vein endothelial cell library. The short cytoplasmic domain of this receptor binds TRAF-1 , TRAF-2 , and TRAF-3. Cross-linking of this receptor induces growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The soluble receptor has been shown to inhibit endothelial cell migration in vitro and corneal angiogenesis in vivo.
Applications Reported
For research use only, not for diagnostic or therapeutic use. The recombinant human TWEAK has been reported useful for bioassay and ELISA.
Applications Tested
The recombinant human TWEAK has been tested by bioassay and ELISA. The ED50, as determined by the dose-dependent stimulation of IL-8 production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, is less than 10 ng/ml. For a sandwich ELISA, the unlabelled CARL-2 antibody (14-9916) can be used for ELISA capture, in combination with the biotinylated CARL-1 antibody (13-9915).
References
Chicheportiche, Y. et al. 1997. TWEAK, a new secreted ligand in the tumor necrosis factor family that weakly induces apoptosis. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 32401-32410
Kaplan. M.J. et al. 2000. TRAIL (Apo2 ligand) and TWEAK (Apo3 ligand) mediate CD4+ T cell killing of antigen-presenting macrophages. J. Immunol. 164: 2897-2904.
www.copewithcytokines.de
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