M-CSF

Alias: Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor, Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor, CSF-1, MCSF

M-CSF is a survival factor essential for the proliferation and development of monocytes, macrophages, and osteoclast progenitor cells. M-CSF is present as several bioactive isoforms that differ in potency and stability. The full-length protein is synthesized as a membrane-spanning protein that can be expressed on the cell surface or further cleaved and modified in the secretory vesicle. M-CSF binds to the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Fms (CSF-1R or CD115) induces dimerization and autophosphorylation of the receptor followed by internalization and degradation of the complex. M-CSF is the primary cytokine for the mononuclear phagocyte lineage such as monocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts. M-CSF regulates their development and effector functions. M-CSF also induces VEGF secretion by macrophages, thereby mediating mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells and neovascularization.