GM-CSF

Alias: Granulocyte-Macrophage colony stimulating factor, GMCSF, Colony-stimulating factor, CSF2

GM-CSF is a differentially glycosylated growth factor produced by a wide variety of tissue types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, T cells, macrophages, mesothelial cells, epithelial cells and various tumor types. The biological effects of GM-CSF are mediated through its binding to cell surface receptors that widely expressed on hematopoietic cells, as well as some non-hematopoietic cells such as endothelial cells. GM-CSF stimulates proliferation, activation, and differentiation of macrophages, granulocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. In most of these tissues, inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1, IL-6,TNFa, or endotoxin, are inducers of GM-CSF gene expression. Monitoring of GM-CSF levels may be porgnostic in human prostate cancer, poorly healing wounds, thyroid carcinoma, severe mucositis, fungal infections, AIDS, bone marrow transplantation, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukemia pulmonary inflammation, hematological malignancies, infection, lung cancer.